Paediatric Orthopaedic Service/ Ganglion Cyst information
Version 2 (Code: 8.2.1.8.3.3)
Date of Issue: January 2020
Date of review: January 2022
Review Date: January 2025
If review date has passed, the content will apply until the next version is published
What is a ganglion cyst?
Ganglion cysts are the most common type of swelling in children and young people. They're most often seen in the wrist, fingers and hands.
They are often self limiting, harmless and don't require treatment
What is the cause?
Ganglion cysts arise when the synovial fluid leaks out of a joint or tendon tunnel and forms a swelling under the skin. The cause of the leak is generally unknown.
What are the symptoms?
A swelling or lump appears. This may or may not be painful.
How is the diagnosis made?
The diagnosis is made on clinical grounds, as these lumps are characteristic and found in specific locations. If the diagnosis is unclear, then an ultrasound scan may confirm diagnosis.
What is the treatment?
Most ganglion cysts can be safely left alone. Many will resolve spontaneously over time and cause no problems.
If the ganglion cyst is large, then aspiration of the fluid within the cyst may be recommended. This is usually done with a needle, and under local anaesthetic.
A ganglion on the back of the wrist is particularly common in older children and young adults. It is often self limiting and is harmless.
If large and painful, then aspiration of the fluid within the cyst may be recommended. This is usually done with a needle, and under local anaesthetic. This can reduce the size of the cyst, but it can still come back.
Surgical excision is rarely indicated, as the scar can produce persistent pain and tenderness. The risk of surgery is general thought to outweigh any benefit.
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